Background

Obesity has emerged as one of the most significant global public health challenges of the 21st century. Characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, obesity increases the risk of numerous chronic diseases and contributes substantially to healthcare expenditures, disability, and premature mortality. The prevalence of obesity continues to rise due to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, urbanization, and genetic susceptibility.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of obesity among adults and examine its association with major health risks, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and psychological disorders.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 6,000 adults aged 18 years and above. Anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors, medical histories, laboratory findings, and health outcomes were analyzed. Body Mass Index (BMI) classifications were used according to international guidelines.

Results

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 34% and 29%, respectively. Obesity was significantly associated with hypertension (62%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (41%), dyslipidemia (47%), cardiovascular disease (28%), obstructive sleep apnea (22%), and depression (19%). Multivariate analysis identified obesity as a major independent predictor of chronic disease burden.

Conclusion

Obesity is strongly associated with multiple adverse health outcomes and represents a major contributor to global disease burden. Effective prevention and management strategies focusing on lifestyle modification, public health interventions, and early risk identification are essential to reduce obesity-related morbidity and mortality.