The Journal of Modern Medical Science (JMMS) is committed to protecting the rights, safety, and welfare of human participants and animals involved in research. The journal follows the ethical principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to ensure that all published studies meet internationally accepted ethical standards.

Research Involving Human Participants

All research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with recognized ethical principles, such as the Declaration of Helsinki. Authors must obtain approval from an appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee before conducting the study. Written informed consent must be obtained from participants whenever required, and their privacy and confidentiality must be protected throughout the research and publication process.

Requirements for Human Studies

Authors should ensure that:

• Ethical approval has been obtained before the study begins.

• Written informed consent is obtained from participants.

• Patient privacy and confidentiality are maintained.

• Personal identifying information is not published without explicit consent.

• The manuscript includes the name of the approving ethics committee and approval number, where applicable.

Research Involving Animals

Research involving animals must comply with national and institutional regulations for the ethical care and use of laboratory animals. Authors should minimize animal suffering and use the smallest number of animals necessary to achieve valid scientific results.

Requirements for Animal Studies

Authors must:

• Obtain approval from the relevant Animal Ethics Committee.

• Follow internationally accepted animal welfare guidelines.

• Use humane methods to reduce pain and distress.

• Clearly report ethical approval details in the manuscript.

Editorial Compliance

The editorial office may request ethical approval documents or additional information if ethical concerns arise during the review process. Manuscripts that fail to comply with COPE or ICMJE ethical standards may be rejected or withdrawn.

Conclusion

By following internationally recognized ethical principles for human and animal research, the journal promotes responsible scientific conduct, protects research participants, and maintains the integrity and credibility of published research.