Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common mental health disorders affecting women after childbirth. It negatively impacts maternal well-being, infant development, family relationships, and overall quality of life. Despite increasing awareness, postpartum depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in many healthcare settings.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and identify associated demographic, obstetric, psychosocial, and clinical risk factors among postpartum women.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,600 postpartum women attending maternal and child health clinics across 15 tertiary healthcare institutions between January 2023 and December 2024. Postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial data were collected through structured interviews. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of postpartum depression.

Results

The overall prevalence of postpartum depression was 22.8%. Women with previous mental health disorders, poor social support, unplanned pregnancy, domestic stress, cesarean delivery, and neonatal complications were significantly more likely to experience postpartum depression. Poor social support demonstrated the strongest association (OR = 4.8, p < 0.001). Early screening and psychosocial interventions significantly improved maternal mental health outcomes.

Conclusion

Postpartum depression is a significant public health concern affecting nearly one-quarter of postpartum women. Comprehensive screening programs, psychosocial support systems, and integrated maternal mental health services are essential for improving maternal and infant health outcomes.