Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and premature mortality. Rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and increasing obesity rates have contributed to a rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban populations worldwide.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban adults and identify associated demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,500 urban residents aged 18 years and above between January and December 2024. Data were collected through structured interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory investigations. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.8%. Prevalence increased significantly with age and was higher among females (34.2%) than males (29.5%). Central obesity (68.5%), hypertension (52.7%), low HDL cholesterol (48.4%), elevated fasting glucose (41.2%), and hypertriglyceridemia (39.8%) were the most common components. Sedentary behavior, obesity, poor dietary habits, smoking, and family history of diabetes were significant predictors of metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among urban populations and represents a growing public health challenge. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions, early screening programs, and community-based preventive strategies are essential for reducing the burden of metabolic syndrome and associated chronic diseases.