Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hormonal imbalance, ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS has significant reproductive, metabolic, psychological, and cardiovascular implications, making it an important public health concern worldwide.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among women and evaluate associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, metabolic complications, and reproductive health outcomes.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 1,800 women aged 18–45 years attending gynecology clinics, primary healthcare centers, and reproductive health programs. Diagnosis of PCOS was established using the Rotterdam Criteria. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, metabolic parameters, lifestyle factors, and reproductive outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results

The overall prevalence of PCOS was 16.8%. The highest prevalence was observed among women aged 18–30 years. Obesity, family history of PCOS, sedentary lifestyle, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with the condition (p<0.05). Menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, acne, infertility, and obesity were the most commonly reported manifestations. Women with PCOS demonstrated significantly higher rates of metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose regulation.

Conclusion

PCOS is highly prevalent among women of reproductive age and is associated with substantial reproductive and metabolic health consequences. Early diagnosis, lifestyle interventions, and multidisciplinary management are essential for reducing long-term complications and improving quality of life.