Background

Chronic illnesses are among the leading causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Beyond clinical outcomes, chronic diseases significantly affect patients’ quality of life (QoL), influencing physical functioning, emotional well-being, social participation, and overall life satisfaction. Understanding factors associated with quality of life is essential for developing patient-centered healthcare interventions.

Objective

To assess quality of life among patients with chronic illnesses and identify demographic, clinical, psychological, and social determinants influencing health-related quality of life.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,200 patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses across 15 tertiary healthcare institutions between January and December 2024. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, disease duration, treatment adherence, comorbidities, psychological status, and social support were collected. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression.

Results

The overall mean quality of life score was 62.4 ± 14.8 out of 100. Physical health scores were lowest among patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory disorders. Depression, disease duration, multimorbidity, unemployment, and poor social support were significantly associated with lower QoL scores. Higher educational status, treatment adherence, family support, and regular physical activity were associated with improved quality of life.

Conclusion

Quality of life among patients with chronic illness is influenced by a combination of physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Comprehensive patient-centered interventions addressing both medical and psychosocial needs are necessary to improve overall well-being among individuals living with chronic diseases.